A Short Note On Ct Dose Calculation ( Ct ) - 1217 Words

iSAP – CT Dose Calculation Introduction: The role of computed tomography (CT) in imaging has risen substantially in the previous decade (Hess et al. 2014). With its increasing demand, one of the most predominant concerns for radiation workers is the dose administered to the patient (Hess et al. 2014). Therefore, the calculation of dose is a parameter that must be monitored closely. Task 1: Exposure Exposure is the amount of electrical charge produced by ionising radiation per unit mass of air. It is measured in Coulomb per kilogram C kg-1, where its former unit was Roentgen (Schoepf 2005). Absorbed dose The absorbed dose is the energy (joules) deposited by ionising radiation per unit mass of material in kilograms, as a result of exposure to ionising radiation. The absorbed dose is therefore measured in J/kg or gray (Gy) where 1Gy = 1J/kg. The absorbed dose is calculated by multiplying exposure with W, where W is the conversion factor from exposure to absorbed dose depending on the absorbing medium (Siegel 2008). Equivalent dose The absorbed dose is a poor indicator of the likely biological effect, as the biological effect of the same absorbed dose will depend on the type of radiation. This is because the linear energy transfer of radiations that produce dense ionisation tracks cause more biological damage per unit dose than low linear energy transfer radiations, and thus must have higher radiation weighting factors. Therefore, the equivalent dose (HT) is measuredShow MoreRelated3521 Unit 1 Essay example10967 Words   |  44 Pagesgroups of three, list some topic areas you have at the moment which you would like to investigate in your project. Consider the following questions with regard to each topic area and discuss which one appeals to you most. After your discussion, write notes on what you have discussed. Then report your conclusion to the class, and invite comments on your ideas. A. ï‚Ÿ What is there to be gained from engaging your efforts in this area and not any other? ï‚Ÿ Why is the study worth doing? ï‚Ÿ What is the rationaleRead MoreCase Study Essay33967 Words   |  136 Pagesmorning Furosemide (Lasix) 80 mg IV push (IVP) now, then 40 mg/day IVP Potassium chloride (K-Dur) 20 mEq/day PO 4. What is the rationale for changing the route of the furosemide (Lasix)? M.G. is fluid overloaded and needs to decrease fluid volume in a short period. IV administration is delivered directly into the vascular system, where it can start to work immediately. In HF, blood flow to the entire gastrointestinal (GI) system is compromised; therefore, the absorption of orally ingested medicationsRead MoreFinancial Analysis of General Electric98175 Words   |  393 PagesPereira dos Santos Operator II GE’s Wellstream facility in Niterà ³i, Brazil, is a leading producer of high-quality ï ¬â€š exible pipe equipment for the Brazilian offshore drilling market, part of a $500 million expansion of operations in the country. Note: Financial results from continuing operations unless otherwise noted. GE Works At GE, we put our ideas to work. Taking them off the paper, out of the lab and into the world. Engineers, scientists, teachers, leaders and doers, all sharing a beliefRead MoreMerck Case18783 Words   |  76 PagesAdvantage Through Information Technology Prepared by Hiroshi Amari Research Associate, Yale University William V. Rapp and Hugh T. Patrick Co-principal Project Investigators Center for International and Area Studies Yale University New Haven, CT 06520 203-432-9395 (Fax: 5963) e-mail: william.rapp@yale.edu Revised December 1998 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: Objective of this Study 2. The Pharmaceutical Industry in a Global Context 3. Product RD and Clinical Trials 4. ManufacturingRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesfurther to the development of a more nuanced discussion of the nature and intent of performance management as a way of understanding why performance measurement continues to be seen as Xawed, and how to avoid common pitfalls in its use. 1.2 Where calculation holds the answer to performance measurement 1.2.1 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS In situations where there is a well-understood, stable, and measurable transformation process, performance measures in the guise of what Simons would term diagnosticRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestimes as numerous as those in the first wave, although in per capita terms, the peaks of international migration in the 1990s and 2000s were similar to those of the early 1910s and late 1920s. But if we look at all forms of mobility—domestic and short-term as well as long-term international mobility—other trends clearly surpass anything that has ever happened in the past. An extreme example of the recent volume and temporal concentration of modern flows would be the 130 million Chinese who haveRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesstudents. We have also expanded the variety of examples and exercises, recognizing the diverse potential futures envisioned by very capable students who have not yet focused on a college major. Topic Coverage Our book can be used in courses as short as one quarter or as long as one year in duration. Particularly in shorter courses, an instructor will need to be selective in deciding which topics to include and which to set aside. The book divides naturally into four major sections: collectingRead MorePublic Fe Reference Handbook.Pdf46179 Words   |  185 Pages(ÃŽ ¼/gc)(dv/dy), with shear stress in (lbf/ft2). In all these examples, gc should be regarded as a unit conversion factor. It is frequently not written explicitly in engineering equations. However, its use is required to produce a consistent set of units. Note that the conversion factor gc [lbm-ft/(lbf-sec2)] should not be confused with the local acceleration of gravity g, which has different units (m/s2 or ft/sec2) and may be either its standard value (9.807 m/s2 or 32.174 ft/sec2) or some other local valueRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Wor ds   |  1573 PageseText by title or author and purchase immediate access to the content for the duration of the course using any major credit card. With CourseSmart eText, students can search for specific keywords or page numbers, make notes online, print reading assignments that incorporate lecture notes, and bookmark important passages for later review. For more information, or to purchase a CourseSmart eTextbook, visit www.coursesmart.com. Pearson’s Self-Assessment Library (S.A.L.) A hallmark of the Robbins seriesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPsychological Resiliency 139 Social Resiliency 143 Temporary Stress-Reduction Techniques 144 SKILL ANALYSIS 147 Cases Involving Stress Management 147 The Turn of the Tide 147 The Case of the Missing Time 150 SKILL PRACTICE 155 Exercises for Long-Term and Short-Run Stress Management The Small-Wins Strategy 155 Life-Balance Analysis 156 Deep Relaxation 158 Monitoring and Managing Time 159 SKILL APPLICATION 161 Activities for Managing Stress 161 Suggested Assignments 161 Application Plan and Evaluation 162